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After an infection with the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, patients have antibodies against the pathogen in their blood. These are retained over a long period of time and are an indication for a past infection. It is assumed that patients who have recovered from the Covid-19 disease cannot be re-infected with SARS-CoV-2. To date, no data are available on whether there is an unrecognized Covid-19 immunity in the population beyond the SARS-CoV-2 infections recorded. The Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) in Braunschweig is now coordinating a study to investigate this question. Anonymous sera from more than 100,000 donors will be analyzed in the population study. The blood will be regularly tested for antibodies against the Covid-19 pathogen. The study will provide a more accurate picture of immunity and pandemic development.

The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has been identified as the pathogen behind the COVID-19 pandemic. The virus contains a main protease termed Mpro (or also termed 3CLpro), which is involved in the development of the virus’ replication complex. It consequently forms a part of the virus’ replication process and is an attractive drug target. A research group led by Prof. Rolf Hilgenfeld at Lübeck University and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) has now determined the protease’s crystal structure.

Weltweit infizieren sich immer mehr Menschen mit dem neuartigen Coronavirus, betroffen sind mehr als 140 Länder (Stand 15.03.2020). Deshalb hat die Weltgesundheitsorganisation WHO inzwischen die Situation zur Pandemie erklärt. Wissenschaftlich gesehen bedeutet der Begriff Pandemie lediglich, dass sich ein neuer Erreger global verbreitet. Dies sagt noch nichts darüber aus, wie schwer die Erkrankung COVID-19 für die Mehrzahl der Infizierten verläuft.

The human immune system can recognize and eliminate not only germs but also cancer cells. This is why treatments with weakened germs can help the immune system in its fight against cancer. Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in Berlin have genetically modified the tuberculosis vaccine BCG in a way that it stimulates the immune system more specifically. Consequently, the new vaccine VPM1002 offers much greater protection against tuberculosis. A spin-off company of the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) in Braunschweig has transferred the results from basic research to clinical application. A clinical study with patients suffering from cancer of the bladder has now shown that a therapy with VPM1002 could successfully prevent the recurrence of tumours in almost half of the patients who had not responded previously to the BCG therapy. The results could lead to the early approval of the drug for the treatment of cancer of the bladder so that as many patients as possible can profit from this quickly.

More than three percent of the world's population (about 260 million humans) are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Worldwide 880,000 humans die each year from the sequelae: liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, there is no cure. The therapeutic vaccine TherVacB aims to cure patients with chronic hepatitis B. A consortium of leading virologists, immunologists and specialized physicians will use a newly designed vaccine as an immunotherapy in a two-year clinical trial starting in 2021. Researchers from the HZI will contribute an adjuvant that increases the vaccine response, and they will bring in their expertise in preparing the clinical trial. The project is supported by the European Union with 10,426,000 Euros over a period of five years and is coordinated by Prof Ulrike Protzer from Helmholtz Zentrum München.

Die erste Abwehrreaktion des Immunsystems auf eine Infektion mit einem Virus ist die Ausschüttung von Interferonen. Diese Botenstoffe, die zu den Zytokinen gehören, lösen einerseits antiviral wirksame Mechanismen in noch nicht infizierten Zellen aus und stimulieren anderseits weitere Immunreaktionen. Wissenschaftler vom TWINCORE - Zentrum für Experimentelle und Klinische Infektionsforschung in Hannover konnten jetzt aufklären, welche Bedeutung das von Zellen der angeborenen Immunität gebildete Interferon-gamma für die Kontrolle einer Infektion mit dem Vakziniavirus hat. Ihre Ergebnisse veröffentlichen sie in der Fachzeitschrift PLOS Pathogens.